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  • A Personal Testimony on Clean Living!

    A Personal Testimony on Clean Living!

    Author: Ashton Knatz |

    Throughout this blog, I have discussed several common household products and their cleaner, more sustainable alternatives, as well as the usefulness of the EWG rating tool. However, there’s a lot that goes into creating a more sustainable lifestyle, and there are a lot of changes that must be considered. This can make living a sustainable lifestyle complicated and making the switch to cleaner products overwhelming if you take on everything at once. For this reason, it’s important to take things one step at a time and make one switch at a time. In addition, talking with someone that has experience in making sustainable choices can be very helpful!

    I had a great opportunity to talk with a family friend about their transition to living a clean lifestyle. Erika Hempstead has done a considerable amount of research over the past few years to implement sustainable lifestyle choices into her everyday life. We talked about different labels to look out for when shopping, which produce you should buy organic, and the EWG rating tool, among other things. Erika’s advice on taking steps towards a more sustainable lifestyle was very helpful, and I learned a lot from her, so I have decided to publish some parts of our conversation.

    ● When did you begin transitioning towards a clean lifestyle?
    ○ It was around when I became pregnant with my first child that I started to make bigger changes, because [me and my husband] wanted to equip our kids with the knowledge to make better choices… It was baby steps. [My child] is thirteen now, and I’m still learning.

    Have media helped you in this transition towards a clean lifestyle, or would you say
    they’ve hindered your transition?
    ○ When you look into the right groups on social media, they can be very helpful… If you can get into the clean living groups, a lot of them have already done the research for you, and you don’t have to do it yourself. Media have helped me because true, green products are starting to get more attention.

    Are there research databases like the EWG that can be used to find more research on
    clean products?

    ○ The search engines that you use are important… Using search engines like Google Chrome doesn’t make sense because you see what they want you to see, and there is a lot of censorship. Using search engines like DuckDuckGo and other engines that are a little more secure will give you more raw research.

    ● What would you say are the worst ingredients in products to keep an eye out for?

    ○ The more processed the product is, the further you want to stay away from it. I encourage people to shop the perimeter of the store. If the item has an expiration date, that’s what you want to buy, and if it does not have an expiration date, then stay away from it.
    ○ The big things for me are allergens and sugar. I always tell people to minimize things that have gluten in them, because it is very reactive in most people, as well as sugar.
    ○ If you can’t pronounce the ingredient, just stick it back on the shelf.

    Have you found that certain ingredients are listed as something else, or bypass
    regulations? How do you overcome this?

    ○ The biggest place that this happens in the United States is the supplement arena, because there are no regulations on them. There could be ingredients in them that are not listed on the label. For supplements, purchase something that is labeled as being third-party tested.

    Are there any brands for general household items that you have found you like, or do you
    try to make your own products?

    ○ I do both – when I can, I use items found around my home, such as vinegar and baking soda.
    ○ For cleaning products, I like Branch Basics, which is a concentrate that comes in a bottle. Depending on the type of cleaner you want to use it for, you add the concentrate to different ratios of water.
    ○ I just started using a hair-care line called Innersense, which is a completelyorganic hair line.


    What advice would you give to somebody that wants to implement clean and sustainable
    choices in their life?

    ○ That can be a monumental task – I encourage people to chunk out and set goals for themselves. Food, household products, body care, and cosmetics are all different categories, and I encourage people to separate those out.
    ○ It can be very expensive to switch everything over at once, so don’t throw away all your old products at once. When you run out of something, replace it with a healthier option.
    ○ Regarding food, depending on your budget, use the “Dirty Dozen” list first, which is renewed every year. These foods need to be purchased organically because of the extremely high pesticide load.

    Erika said something during our talk that really stuck with me.

    “Think of your body as a bathtub that has the drain open, but the faucet running as high as it can go, and at all times. The bathtub will drain the water for some time, but the water will eventually overpower the drain, and the bathtub will flood. Your body is the same way – your body can detox naturally for some time, but if you put too many toxins into your body, it will not be able to handle the load after a while.”

    Thank you again to Erika for spending time talking with me about my project.

  • Environmental Research at the University of Iowa

    Environmental Research at the University of Iowa

    Author: Ashton Knatz | Latham Science Engagement Initiative

    I am pleased to write our final blog post for the EnvironHawks project for the Latham Science Engagement Initiative this year. Our blog has covered a wide variety of topics pertaining to the environment and sustainability, including food sustainability, fast fashion, and local initiatives. Our previous blog posts for this month discussed the One Sustainable Iowa Student Conference, as well as different opportunities to get involved with environmental legislation. For my post this month, I wanted to write about more environmental initiatives happening at the University of Iowa, including environmental research. I had the pleasure of talking with Dr. Hans Lehmler, a professor conducting research in the Department of Occupational and Environmental Health at the University of Iowa. Dr. Lehmler’s primary research focus is on the human and environmental effects of BPA and BPF. According to PubChem, BPA is a colorless solid that is used in the synthesis of commercial plastics, and BPA is considered to have carcinogenic effects, which means they can be linked to cancer. BPA exposure has also been linked to endocrine disruption.

    BPA’s 3-D structure. Image Source: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/bisphenol-A#section=3D-Conformer

    “There are a number of adverse health outcomes that are associated with Bisphenol A exposure in humans. This largely has to do with the fact that these chemicals are behaving like hormones in the human body… These are not hormones, but they do what hormones are supposed to be doing, which can lead to toxicity. That’s what we call endocrine-disrupting chemicals, because they are messing with our endocrine system. This is implicated in any disease where the endocrine system could potentially play a role, whether this could be metabolic syndrome, or it could be implicated in cancers, and other disease outcomes as well.”

    A lot of plastic products now have labels that say “BPA-Free,” and several stores have voluntarily stopped carrying products with BPA in them, including Walmart. However, this does not necessarily mean that compounds that are similar in structure and function to BPA have completely gone away.

    “When you go into stores, you find advertisements that products are BPA-free, but what typically happens is that the BPA has been replaced with something else, and that something else looks very similar to the BPA. There are dozens of these chemicals being used… such as Bisphenol F, S, and others.”

    While products may have a “BPA-free” label, there aren’t necessarily strict regulations on which compounds can be used in these products, as well as how much of a compound may be used. In order to avoid BPA exposure from plastic products, there are a few precautions you can take. Using food storage containers as an example, one thing you can do is use glass containers to store food, rather than plastic containers or bags.

    “I think the best approach if somebody has a concern of BPA exposure would be to avoid plastic materials and use glass or metal containers that do not have these chemicals in them. This essentially reduces the exposures. It also has another advantage that if you’re doing this, you have a glass or metal container that you can reuse, which is better for the environment, rather than throwaway plasticware.”

    In addition to his work as a professor and researcher, Dr. Lehmler also works with the Iowa Superfund Research Program, which works to find sources of airborne PCBs and the effects that they have on the human body. According to the CDC, PCBs (which is short for polychlorinated biphenyls) are a group of synthetic chemicals that do not have a known smell or taste, and may range from being oily liquids to solids, as well as from being colorless to light yellow. PCBs have a number of different human and environmental health effects, and do not readily break down once they enter the environment, so they can remain in environmental systems for a long time. I was curious about Dr. Lehmler’s involvement with the Iowa Superfund Research Program, and he told me about the work he does with PCBs with this program at Iowa.

    “PCBs have been around for about 50 years, and we have known that they are an environmental pollutant, and there are concerns associated with them. There are still a lot of fundamental things that we do not know about PCBs, and we do not have data as a society to do a risk assessment that is based on solid data. In particular, we do not have data on the inhalation of PCBs into your lungs and when they get into your body and do harm there.”

    The general chemical structure of PCBs. Image Source: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/General-chemical-structure-of-PCBs_

    “For a long time, the focus was on understanding the PCBs that are in your diet, such as fish. The fish may come from a creek that has PCBs in it because somebody dumped them in there. For a few decades, the major route of exposure would be from eating PCBs, but we know now that there are PCBs in the air, so people are breathing them. Because we understood that these chemicals are a problem, we stopped making them, we’ve cleaned things up, and we’ve disposed of them properly as a society. The dietary route of exposure has actually gone down, and this is on par with what people are breathing in.”

    Dr. Lehmler has done a significant amount of work pertaining to environmental toxicology and human health over the past several years. He also works closely with CHEEC, which is the Center for Health Effects of Environmental Contamination at the University of Iowa. There are a number of other research projects and opportunities happening through CHEEC as well, and so I have linked their website here: https://cheec.uiowa.edu/about.

    I was very pleased to have had the opportunity to talk with Dr. Lehmler and hear about the work that he has done at the University of Iowa. We have talked a lot about events and initiatives through the Office of Sustainability here at Iowa, but there are also a number of environmental research opportunities across campus as well. Iowa is a Research 1 university, which means it has been designated as a top tier doctoral university with high research activity. As such, there are a lot of opportunities for students to get involved. If you are interested in environmental research, I would encourage you to reach out to your professors or other people to hear more information.

    Thank you again to everyone that has engaged with the EnvironHawks blog in some way. I hope you have learned a lot of useful information about the environment and sustainability through our blog. We encourage you to reach out to us if you have any additional questions about our blog or want to learn any more information on the topics we have discussed. Thanks to all of you again!

    References
    1. National Center for Biotechnology Information (2022). PubChem Compound Summary for CID
    6623, bisphenol A. Retrieved April 25, 2022 from
    https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/bisphenol-A.
    2. CDC. (n.d.). Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) | Public Health Statement | ATSDR. Agency for
    Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Retrieved April 22, 2022, from
    https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/PHS/PHS.aspx?phsid=139&toxid=26

  • Echinacea: A Treatment for the Common Cold

    Echinacea: A Treatment for the Common Cold

    Author: Lorena Tran

    Different cultures recognize echinacea as a treatment for conditions that affect the lungs and breathing. Indian Ayurvedic medicine uses echinacea roots and extracts to treat respiratory viruses and boost the immune system. Similarly, traditional Chinese medicine uses echinacea to prevent and treat upper respiratory tract infections. Several Native American tribes also used Echinacea to lessen symptoms of the common cold and tonsillitis[1].

    Most research on echinacea focuses on its abilities to treat the common cold. Many studies have found that extracts and infusions of echinacea root can decrease the length of the common cold and lessen the chances of infection with a cold[2]. Echinacea treatments may also prevent respiratory conditions caused by bacterial infections, as researchers discovered that extracts of echinacea stop the growth of bacteria causing strep throat and pneumonia[1].

    Sources:

    [1] Sharifi-Rad M, Mnayer D, Morais-Braga MFB, Carneiro JNP, Bezerra CF, Coutinho HDM, Salehi B, Martorell M, Del Mar Contreras M, Soltani-Nejad A, Uribe YAH, Yousaf Z, Iriti M,

    Sharifi-Rad J. Echinacea plants as antioxidant and antibacterial agents: From traditional medicine to biotechnological applications. Phytotherapy Research. 2018 Sep;32(9):1653-1663.

    [2] Shah SA, Sander S, White CM, Rinaldi M, Coleman CI. Evaluation of echinacea for the prevention and treatment of the common cold: a meta-analysis. Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2007 Jul;7(7):473-80.